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In the context of this "Air Dispersion Modeling" category, air dispersion models may be defined as computerized mathematical calculations for predicting the dispersion behavior of air pollutants emitted into the atmosphere. The many types of air dispersion models include those for modeling: the continuous emission of buoyant pollutant plumes; the non-continuous accidental releases of either buoyant or heavier-than-air (i.e., dense gas) pollutants; puff emissions; point-source emissions; area-source or line-source emissions; mobile transportation-source emissions; fire and smoke emission models; etc. Air quality models for urban airsheds are probably best placed in the "Air Quality" category rather than in this "Air Dispersion" category. Sources for air dispersion modeling information include governmental agencies, research institutes, university faculty and post-graduate students, environmental consultants, industrial dispersion modeling practitioners, and pollution meteorologists.

Consultants	Software

• Air Pollution Dispersion Modeling Publicizes the book "Fundamentals Of Stack Gas Dispersion" a reference book on dispersion modeling of continuous, buoyant pollution plumes. Includes published peer reviews, complete Table of Contents, and information about how to obtain copies.
• Air Quality Control Company (AQCC) Founded in 1993 by the Municipality of Tehran, Iran, the primary role of AQCC is providing research, consultation, planning and implementation of services regarding air and noise pollution in Tehran.
• Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) Researching the processes that affect the quality of the atmosphere, ARL provides scientific advice to elements of NOAA and other Government agencies on environmental problems and emergency response.
• AQM Resource Centre The Air Quality Management (AQM) Resource Centre is maintained at the University of the West of England in Bristol, England. It provides much useful information, including brief descriptions of many British and USA air dispersion models.
• Atmospheric Dispersion Modeling Liaison Committee (ADMLC) ADMLC's main aim is to review current understanding of atmospheric dispersion for application in authorization or licensing of discharges to the atmosphere from industrial, commercial or other sites. ADMLC is concerned with long-term controlled releases as well as short-term releases, and at all scales, including on-site and within buildings.
• Atmospheric Dispersion Modeling Resources A report published in 1995, "Atmospheric Dispersion Modeling Resources", can be downloaded from this site. It includes descriptions, contact people, and other details about 94 dispersion models. The report was developed by the: Subcommittee on Consequence Assessment and Protective Action (SCAPA), of the Emergency Management Advisory Committee, of the U.S. Department of Energy.
• Atmospheric Dispersion of Chemicals (E-mail Discussion List) Atmospheric Dispersion of Chemicals is an e-mail discussion list where people working in the field of atmospheric dispersion modeling can exchange experiences.
• Atmospheric Pollution Dispersion Modeling Publicizes the book "Fundamentals Of Stack Gas Dispersion" ... a comprehensive single-source reference book on dispersion modeling of continuous, buoyant pollution plumes. Includes published peer reviews, complete Table of Contents, and information about how to obtain copies.
• Atmospheric Research & Information Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University's multidisciplinary centre of excellence for the study and resolution of atmospheric pollution issues. United Kingdom.
• Atmospheric Research and Information Centre (ARIC) Based at the Manchester Metropolitan University in the United Kingdom, ARIC is a research center for study of atmospheric pollution issues caused by industrial, power generation, and transportation sources. ARIC focuses on the basic elements of the science: emission characterization and estimation; ambient air monitoring; predictive modeling; and control technologies.
• Calculating Accidental Release Flow Rates from Pressurized Gas Systems This article presents and explains two published source-term models for calculating the time-dependent decrease in pressure, temperature and weight of gas in a pressurized gas system or vessel during an accidental release.
• Calculating Accidental Release Flow Rates from Pressurized Gas Systems This online technical article presents and explains two published source-term models for calculating the time-dependent decrease in pressure, temperature and weight of gas in a pressurized gas system or vessel during an accidental release. The same website includes five other online technical articles.
• Certified Consulting Meteorologists Provides directories by state and by speciality of the Certified Consulting Meteorologist members of the American Meteorological Society, many of whom specialize in air pollution dispersion modeling analyses and studies.
• CSIRO Air Quality Modelling and Dispersion The modelling and dispersion program is part of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) in Australia. Within the program, the Pollution Dispersion team: conducts laboratory and field studies of convective boundary layer growth, turbulence, and dispersion; and develops advanced air dispersion models utilizing ideas from Lagrangian theory studies and from the laboratory and field studies.
• Directory of Atmospheric Transport and Diffusion Consequence Assessment Models An extensive directory (March 1999 issue) of atmospheric dispersion models produced by the Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorology (OFCM), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
• Dispersion Modeling Conversions and Formulas This online technical article provides a number of useful unit conversions and formulas pertaining to air dispersion modeling. The same website includes five more online technical articles.
• Dispersion Modeling Feature Articles This section of the Environmental-Expert.com site has a searchable index of feature articles concerning air pollution, including feature articles on dispersion modeling.
• Dispersion Modeling Guidance Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) guidance document published by the United Kingdom's Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. Annex 3 contains guidance on dispersion modeling.
• Dispersion Modeling Research at Madrid's Polytechnical University Describes the dispersion modeling research programs of the Environmental Software and Modeling Group in the Computer Science School at the Polytechnical University in Madrid, Spain. Of interest is the IMW program which is a Visual Basic model based on the U.S. EPA's ISCT3 model that was developed by this group.
• Environmental Software and Modelling Group, Technical University of Madrid Conducts research in modelling and prediction of air quality.
• Error Propagation in Air Dispersion Modeling A sensitivity study of the Gaussian dispersion modeling of continuous, buoyant pollution plumes illustrating how seemingly minor changes in some of the key variables can result in a propagated over-prediction factor ranging from 6 to 80.
• Error Propagation in Air Dispersion Modeling This online technical article provides a sensitivity study of the Gaussian dispersion modeling of continuous, buoyant pollution plumes which illustrates how seemingly minor changes in some of the key variables can result in a propagated over-prediction factor ranging from 6 to 80. The same website has five more online technical articles.
• European Environmental Agency: List of Air Dispersion Models An extensive list of European air dispersion models contained in an appendix of a report published by the European Environmental Agency headquartered in Copenhagen, Denmark.
• European Environmental Agency: Urban Air Dispersion Models A discussion of the algorithms used in urban air dispersion models such as: area source and elevated point source models; street canyon and highway sub-models; plume rise; converting one averaging time to another ... all contained in an annex of a report published by the European Environmental Agency headquartered in Copenhagen, Denmark.
• Finnish Meteorological Institute The activities of the Air Quality Research department at the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) include atmospheric dispersion modeling for: urban air quality, regional and long-range transport, and accidents involving hazardous materials.
• Literature References on Lagrangian Air Dispersion Modeling A comprehensive list of literature references on Lagrangian air dispersion modeling, compiled by Dr. Marek Uliasz.
• Literature References on Mesoscale Meteorology A comprehensive list of literature references on mesoscale meteorology compiled by Dr. Ming Xue, many of which relate to various aspects of air dispersion modeling.
• Logic Diagram For Using Briggs' Plume Rise Equations This online technical article chronicles the evolution of Briggs' plume rise equations and provides a logic diagram for using the Briggs equations to calculate the plume rise of bent-over buoyant plumes. The same website has four more online technical articles.
• Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Air Quality Team The team is part of the Technology & Safety Assessment (TSA-4) Division of the LANL. The air quality team works with meteorological, air chemistry, plume dispersion, computational fluid dynamics, and emissions models. The site includes model descriptions as well as the names, email addresses and functions of all the key personnel.
• Multiplan R&F Based in the Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates and with an office in Rueil-Malmaison,France, this firm's services include health, safety and environmental (HSE)training courses either online or onsite. Courses are available in air dispersion modeling, HAZOP's, quantitative risk assessment, and environmental management.
• National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center Located at the University of California's Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), the National Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability (NARAC) is a national emergency response service for real-time assessment of incidents involving accidental releases of nuclear, chemical, biological, or natural hazardous material.
• NOAA's Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) Within the U.S.'s National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the ARL conducts research on the transport, dispersion, transformation, and removal of atmospheric pollutants ... leading to the development of air quality and dispersion models. The ARL also supports other U.S. agencies. In particular, the ARL's Atmospheric Turbulence & Diffusion Division (ATTD) and Atmospheric Sciences Modeling Division (ASMD) support the U.S. EPA in developing regulatory air dispersion models.
• Old Dominion University and the ISC3 Dispersion Models Describes a graphical user interface (GUI), developed by the Civil Engineering Department of the Old Dominion University, for using the U.S. EPA's ISC3 models in the Microsoft Windows environment. Presents an excellent discussion of the ISC3 models including: input requirements, dispersion options, source options, receptor options, meteorology options, and output options.
• Omni - Air Pollution Modeling In Practice Omni is a demonstrator site for disseminating modeled and monitored air pollution data in an accessable form. Details of methodology are included. The data covers the London, England area.
• Pollution Meteorology and Dispersion Publicizes the book "Air Pollution Meteorology and Dispersion" ... a review of the basic theories, models, experiments, and observations of pollutant dispersal in the atmosphere.
• Regulatory air dispersion models in Australia Reviews and guide (provided by the University of New South Wales in Australia) to regulatory air dispersion models used in Australia for odour dipersion modelling and impact assessment.
• Risoe National Laboratory, Denmark The Atmospheric Transport & Exchange section of the Risoe laboratory performs research into boundary-layer meteorology and atmospheric turbulence, and into environmental problems related to the transport of airborne pollutants. Typical research tasks are: dispersion of smoke puffs and plumes; dispersion of heavier-than-air plumes; and real-time dispersion modeling for emergency managing support.
• SCRAM Public Forum The U.S. EPA's SCRAM website public discussion forum (moderated) for all aspects of the EPA's various air pollution dispersion models.
• Source Terms for Accidental Releases This online technical article provides the source term equations (and explains how to use them) for calculating the flow rates from a number of different types of accidental gaseous releases. The same website has five other online technical articles.
• Southern Appalachian Mountains Initiative (SAMI) The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) and Alpine Geophysics, are teamed to support an air quality assessment of the Southern Appalachian Mountains Initiative, an organization formed by Alabama, Kentucky, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia and West Virginia. The TVA and Alpine Geophysics will work with the atmospheric modeling team of the Georgia Institute of Technology, the University of Alabama, and the University of Virginia.
• StadtKlima: The International Association For Urban Climate A list of air quality and air pollution dispersion models with descriptions, details and contacts for obtaining further information. Most of the listed models were developed in Germany, and the StadtKlima Association is headquartered at the University of Freiburg in Germany.
• The CAMP Research Program The George Mason University in Virginia has a research program called CAMP (Comprehensive Atmospheric Modeling Program). The focus of the program, funded by the U.S. Defense Department, is on atmospheric transport and dispersion of releases of nuclear, biological, and chemical agents. A wide range of available air dispersion models will be acquired and evaluated.
• The CAPARS System The Computer-Assisted Protective Action Recommendation System (CAPARS) is an integrated model for predicting the path and impacts of an atmospheric release of hazardous materials. It is used by a Regional Atmospheric Response Center (RARC) in Denver, Colorado, funded by the U.S. Dept. of Energy, to tell their staff where the plume will go, when it will arrive, how serious the impacts may be, and what protective actions to take.
• The Complete Gaussian Equation Presents the detailed, complete equation for Gaussian air dispersion modeling, including: cross-wind dispersion parameter, vertical dispersion parameter due to reflection from the ground, and vertical dispersion parameter due to reflection from an inversion lid aloft.
• The GAIA Air Dispersion Model Database A database of 27 different air dispersion models. Each model entry includes: a description, where to obtain the software, the original authors, and literature references pertaining to the model. Sponsored by a consortium of 10 countries in Europe, Africa, Asia and Latin America.
• The Laboratory for Atmospheric Research Located at the Washington State University (in Pullman, Washington, USA), the Laboratory for Atmospheric Research (LAR) investigates the fundamental nature of pollutant transport and dispersion through a combination of halogenated tracer field programs and advanced numerical modeling.
• The NAME dispersion model The Nuclear Accident Model (NAME) is an essential part of the contingency plans for accidental releases of radioactivity into the atmosphere: to provide early warning for emergency response and to predict concentrations, depositions and dosages of radionuclides. Use of the model is administered by the National Meteorological Centre of the United Kingdom's Meteorological Office at Bracknall, Berkshire, UK.
• The Nuclear Accident Model (NAME) Developed by the United Kingdom's Meteorological Office, the NAME model is part of the contingency plans in the event of accidental releases of radioactivity into the atmosphere: to provide early warning for the guidance of emergency services; and to predict concentrations, depositions and dosages of radionuclides as input to impact assessments.
• U.S. EPA's Air Quality Modeling Group The Group is responsible for leadership on the full range of the EPA's air dispersion models. It also serves as the focal point on modeling techniques for other EPA headquarters staff, Regional Offices, and State and local agencies. The names, email addresses and functions of all the key personnel in the Group are provided.
• U.S. EPA's Support Center for Regulatory Air Models The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency uses this site to provide information on the many dispersion models supporting regulatory programs required by U.S. law. All of the EPA's dispersion models and their Users' Manuals can be downloaded cost-free from here. An online forum is also provided for discussion/questions/answers on all aspects of the EPA's models.
• UCR Air Quality Modeling Group The mechanical engineering department of the University of California at Riverside (UCR) has an air quality modeling group performing research in the development and application of small-scale dispersion models, as well as the development of simplified and comprehensive photochemical models.
• Workbook on Atmospheric Dispersion Estimates The revised second edition of D. Bruce Turner's book provides an understanding of dispersion modeling as currently practiced. The book and accompanying diskette explain: how to determine the impact of air pollution sources; the effects of wind, turbulence and plume rise; and Gaussian dispersion and its limitations.

 

 

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