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Astronomy is the scientific study of objects and phenomena beyond the earth's atmosphere by means other than visiting them or sending probes. The history of astronomy is the study of the development of astronomy from the earliest written records to somewhere very near the present time. Astrology is not astronomy, but it did play a role in the development of astronomy. Babylonian astrologers' determination of the positions of stars may be found here, their study of the effects of those positions on human affairs will not. The history of the scientific search for extra-terrestrial intelligence may be found here. UFOs visiting earth will not. This category is not limited to Western astronomy. The written history of other astronomical traditions will be listed here.

Archaeoastronomy@	Education
Eclipses, Occultations and Transits	Instruments
Observatories	People
Solar System	Worldviews
History	History
Space	Science

• A Brief SETI Chronology A timeline of the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, from Morrison and Coconni to SETI@home.
• A Science Odyssey - Physics and Astronomy PBS articles about 20th century astronomy and physics.
• Astronomical References in the Ruba'iyât of Omar Khayyam Excerpts and commentary with reproductions of some of Elihu Vedder's illustrations.
• Astronomy Features history of discoveries and references.
• Astronomy in Japan Astronomy in Japan with a lot of information on Japanese Star lore and astronomical history.
• Astronomy in Japan Historical and modern Japanese astronomy, and its place in Japanese culture
• Astronomy in Japan Astronomy in Japan with a lot of information on Japanese Star lore and astronomical history.
• Astronomy in Sweden 1860-1940 From the Uppsala University Newsletter for History of Science.
• Astronomy in the 18th Century Discusses the development of reflective telescopes during the 1700's. Covers the different types of mirrors and lens that were used during these times. Includes some key contributors to the improvement of the telescope during this period.
• Atlas Celeste A rare celestial atlas discovered in the library of the Manchester Astronomical Society.
• Biennial History of Astronomy Conferences Workshops at Notre Dame, papers presented, abstracts, group pictures of attendees.
• Big Ear Radio Observatory Radio astronomy and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence.
• Big Ear Radio Observatory No longer in operation, and includes a beginner's guide, facility and equipment information, press releases, and slide shows.
• Big Ear Radio Observatory No longer in operation, and includes a beginner's guide, facility and equipment information, press releases, and slide shows.
• Digital Archive of Historical Astronomy Pictures Images from the history of astronomy, old telescopes, pictures of astronomers, observatories.
• Electronic Newsletter for the History of Astronomy Complete archive and subscription information.
• Electronic Newsletter for the History of Astronomy Published by the Working Group for the History of Astronomy in the Astronomische Gesellschaft. Subscription is free.
• Fabri de Peiresc's Quest for a Method to Calculate Terrestrial Longitude Article by Jane T. Tolbert in the Historian publication in 1999. Whereas Galileo sought to confront and embarrass the established Church, Peiresc worked from within clerical ranks with persuasion and tact.
• From Stargazers to Starships Features an easy to use high school level introduction to the basics of spaceflight.
• From Stargazers to Starships The motion of Earth in space, Newtonian mechanics, spaceflight and spacecraft, and a math refresher, on a high school level. This site deals with the world of gravity--of massive planets and stars, and the way spaceflight is achieved despite their strong pull.
• From Stargazers to Starships Tutorial/historical exposition of the motion of Earth in space, Newtonian mechanics and spaceflight, on a high school level.
• Gene Smith's Brief History of Astronomy Covers the development of this ancient science from days of Stonehenge (3100 BC) to the discovery of Pulsars (1968 AD). Includes related resource links.
• Gene Smith's Brief History of Astronomy Covers the development of this ancient science from days of Stonehenge (3100 BC) to the discovery of Pulsars (1968 AD). Includes related resource links.
• Harmonia Macrocosmica by Andreas Cellarius Atlas of the heavens as seen by the astronomers of the time of its 1661 printing: Copernicus, Ptolemy, Brahe, and Aratus. Entire book has been digitized and the images may be browsed or searched.
• HASTRO-L Archive of the History of Astronomy Discussion Group, the mailing list for scholars in this field.
• Heavenly Mathematics: Cultural Astronomy An interdisciplinary course on cultural astronomy.
• Hindu Cosmological Time Cycles An accurate calendar and the progenitor of the sexagesimal (base 60) "degree, minutes, seconds" measurement system.
• Historiacoelestis Yahoo group moderated by Stuart Williams, F.R.A.S.
• Historical Astronomy Division American Astronomical Society division devoted to history, with a link to pages on the history of the society itself.
• History and Philosophy of Western Astronomy The History chapter of an introductory astronomy course.
• History of Astronomy Offers a history of the field and science. Features links to related sites, awards and contact details. Provided by the Working Group for the History of Astronomy.
• History of Astronomy in Ancient India Eclipse calculation, heliocentric theory, size of the world.
• History of Astronomy Pages Frederik Kaiser (1808-1872) and the professionalisation of Dutch astronomy; The "Lost Letters" of J.C. Kapteyn (1851-1922); Many history of astronomy and history of science links with a Dutch flavour.
• History of SETI An overview of the history of the search for extraterrestrial intelligence using radio frequencies. Includes photos.
• Islamic Astronomy Article by Owen Gingerich explores refinement and criticism of Ptolemaic astronomy, including religious influences on direction, and describes precursors to and influences on Copernicus.
• Islamic Astronomy An article by Owen Gingerich, in Scientific American, on ancient astronomy preserved and improved in the Islamic empire.
• Jewish Astronomy, From Ancient to Modern Times Astronomy in Israel from Og's Circle to the Wise Observatory.
• Little Green Men, White Dwarfs or Pulsars? A personal account by Jocelyn Bell Burnell on the discovery of pulsars.
• Little Green Men, White Dwarfs or Pulsars? A personal account by Jocelyn Bell Burnell on the discovery of pulsars.
• MuslimHeritage.com - Astronomy Articles on astronomers, observatories, work performed and its significance from the ninth to the fifteenth centuries.
• Northern California History of Astronomy Luncheon and Discussion Association Announcements of discussions (in Oakland, California), open to the public, on various astronomy history topics, and an archive of past discussions
• Out of This World Exhibition catalog for The Golden Age of the Celestial Atlas. Includes an historical essay and sample pictures.
• Roemer and the First Determination of the Velocity of Light Burndy Library online publication of 1940 article detailing the background and details of Roemer's work.
• Rundetaarn (The Round Tower) Astronomy in Denmark: Brahe, Roemer, Hertzsprung.
• Rundetaarn: Centuries of Astronomy in Denmark Includes section on Rømers works.
• Russell A. Hulse - Nobel Lecture The discovery of the binary pulsar.
• Starry Messenger Phase I of the Electronic History of Astronomy, developed in the Whipple Museum of the History of Science at Trinity College, Cambridge. Covers the history of instruments and techniques, themes such as astrology and calendar reform, and biographies of major historical astronomers.
• The Àryabhatíya of Àryabhata The oldest exact astronomic constant? The ratio of earth rotations to lunar orbits in Aryabhata's AD 498 writing.
• The Babylonian Theory of the Planets A substantial look at the subject, and a review of N. M. Swerdlow's book.
• The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Robert Woodrow Wilson Nobel Lecture.
• The Manchester Astronomical Society History The first hundred years, list of presidents, list of archived documents.
• The Society For The History Of Astronomy Academic and popular topics, with a focus on Britain.
• The Star of Bethlehem An investigation of the science and history which bear on the mysterious star said to have accompanied the advent of Christ.
• This Month in the History of Astronomy Short descriptions of important discoveries, events, and birthdays sorted by month.
• Tycho's Star Maps Celestial atlases and globes on exhibit at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich.
• Understanding Tidal Friction Article by Peter Brosche on gaining understanding of changes in the Moon's orbit.
• X-ray Astronomy at Goddard Describes observations using balloons, rockets and satellites.

 

 

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